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Advances in Cost-Efficient Thin-Film Photovoltaics Based on Cu(In,Ga)Se2sub>

Michael Powalla, Stefan Paetel, Dimitrios Hariskos, Roland Wuerz, Friedrich Kessler, Peter Lechner, Wiltraud Wischmann, Theresa Magorian Friedlmeier

Engineering 2017, Volume 3, Issue 4, Pages 445-451 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.04.015

Abstract: p>In this article, we discuss the leading thin-film photovoltaic (PV) technology based on the Cu(In,Ga)Se2sub> (CIGS) compound semiconductor.

Keywords： Thin-film photovoltaics Solar energy Flexible Cu(InGa)Se2sub>

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Boosting Cu(In,Ga)Se2sub> Thin Film Growth in Low-Temperature Rapid-Deposition Processes: An Improved Article

Yunxiang Zhang, Shuping Lin, Shiqing Cheng, Zhichao He, Zhaojing Hu, Zhiqiang Zhou, Wei Liu, Yun Sun

Engineering 2021, Volume 7, Issue 4, Pages 534-541 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.01.016

Abstract:

The Knudsen effusion cell is often used to grow high-quality Cu(In,Ga)Se2sub> (CIGS) thin film

Keywords： Cu(In Ga)Se2sub> Knudsen effusion cell Condensation Droplet ejection Low temperature

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Review on Alkali Element Doping in Cu(In,Ga)Se2sub> Thin Films and Solar Cells

Yun Sun,Shuping Lin,Wei Li,Shiqing Cheng,Yunxiang Zhang,Yiming Liu,Wei Liu

Engineering 2017, Volume 3, Issue 4, Pages 452-459 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.04.020

Abstract:

This paper reviews the development history of alkali element doping on Cu(In,Ga)Se2sub> (CIGSfollowing issues: ① The delamination of CIGS thin films induced by Na incorporation facilitates CuInSe2sub> formation and inhibits Ga during low-temperature co-evaporation processes. ② The mechanismstransferred from the acceptor defect (

Keywords： Alkali elements Cu(In Ga)Se2sub> Thin-film solar cells Post-deposition treatment

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Deciphering the Origins of P1-Induced Power Losses in Cu(Inxsub>,Ga1–xsub>)Se2sub> (CIGS) Modules Through Hyperspectral Luminescence Article

César Omar Ramírez Quiroz, Laura-Isabelle Dion-Bertrand, Christoph J. Brabec, Joachim Müller, Kay Orgassa

Engineering 2020, Volume 6, Issue 12, Pages 1395-1402 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.12.019

Abstract: optimiz1ation of the laser ablation processes used for the patterning interconnections of subcells on Cu(Inxsub>,Ga1-xsub>)Se2sub> (CIGS) modules.

Keywords： Cu(Inx Ga1-x)Se2 Cell-to-module efficiency gap P1-induced power losses Hyperspectral photoluminescence

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Moisture Absorption and Desorption in an Ionomer-Based Encapsulant: A Type of Self-Breathing Encapsulant for CIGS Thin-Film PV Modules Article

Miao Yang, Raymund Schäffler, Tobias Repmann, Kay Orgassa

Engineering 2020, Volume 6, Issue 12, Pages 1403-1407 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.02.020

Abstract:

As an alternative to conventional encapsulation concepts for a double glass photovoltaic (PV) module, we introduce an innovative ionomer-based multi-layer encapsulant, by which the application of additional edge sealing to prevent moisture penetration is not required. The spontaneous moisture absorption and desorption of this encapsulant and its raw materials, poly (ethylene-co-acrylic acid) and an ionomer, are analyzed under different climatic conditions in this work. The relative air humidity is thermodynamically the driving force for these inverse processes and determines the corresponding equilibrium moisture content (EMC). Higher air humidity results in a larger EMC. The homogenization of the absorbed water molecules is a diffusion-controlled process, in which temperature plays a dominant role. Nevertheless, the diffusion coefficient at a higher temperature is still relatively low. Hence, under normal climatic conditions for the application of PV modules, we believe that the investigated ionomer-based encapsulant can "breathe" the humidity: During the day, when there is higher relative humidity, it "inhales" (absorbs) moisture and restrains it within the outer edge of the module; then at night, when there is a lower relative humidity, it "exhales" (desorbs) the moisture. In this way, the encapsulant protects the cell from moisture ingress.

Keywords： Ionomer Encapsulant Moisture absorption and desorption Cu(In Ga)Se2sub> photovoltaic module

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Advantageous mechanochemical synthesis of copper(I) selenide semiconductor, characterization, and properties

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 3, Pages 433-442 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2066-6

Abstract: /Se mixtures.The X-ray diffraction confirmed the orthorhombic crystal structure of Cu2sub>Se with the crystalliteand Se 3d signals corresponded to Cu⁺ and Se^2– oxidation states.This type of Cu2sub>Se synthesis can be easily adapted to production dimensions using an industrial>2sub>Se.

Keywords： Cu2sub>Se berzelianite nanocrystalline semiconductor mechanochemical synthesis planetary ball

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Rh2sub>O3sub>/hexagonal CePO4sub> nanocatalysts for N2sub>O decomposition

Huan Liu, Zhen Ma

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2017, Volume 11, Issue 4, Pages 586-593 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1659-6

Abstract: Hexagonal CePO nanorods were prepared by a precipitation method and hexagonal CePO nanowires were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis at 150 °C. Rh(NO ) was then used as a precursor for the impregnation of Rh O onto these CePO materials. The Rh O supported on the CePO nanowires was much more active for the catalytic decomposition of N O than the Rh O supported on CePO nanorods. The stability of both catalysts as a function of time on stream was studied and the influence of the co-feed (CO , O , H O or O /H O) on the N O decomposition was also investigated. The samples were characterized by N adsorption-desorption, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron microscopy, hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction, oxygen temperature-programmed desorption, and CO temperature-programmed desorption in order to correlate the physicochemical and catalytic properties.

Keywords： Rh2sub>O3sub> CePO4sub> N2sub>O decomposition

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Band-gap tunable (Gaxsub>In1−sub>xsub>)2sub>O3sub> layer Research Articles

Fabi Zhang, Jinyu Sun, Haiou Li, Juan Zhou, Rong Wang, Tangyou Sun, Tao Fu, Gongli Xiao, Qi Li, Xingpeng Liu, Xiuyun Zhang, Daoyou Guo, Xianghu Wang, Zujun Qin,zhangfabi@outlook.com,qinzj@guet.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 10, Pages 1370-1378 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000330

Abstract: The X-ray diffraction spectra clearly indicate that (GaIn)O films with Ga content varying from 0.11 to0.55 have both cubic and monoclinic structures, and that for films with Ga content higher than 0.74,addition, a blue shift of ultraviolet absorption edges from 380 to 250 nm is noted with increasing Ga

Keywords： (GaxIn1−x)2O3薄膜；带隙可调谐；磁控溅射

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CO2sub> methanation and co-methanation of CO and CO2sub> over Mn-promoted Ni/Al2sub>O3sub> catalysts

Kechao Zhao,Zhenhua Li,Li Bian

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2016, Volume 10, Issue 2, Pages 273-280 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1563-5

Abstract: A series of Mn-promoted 15 wt-% Ni/Al O catalysts were prepared by an incipient wetness impregnation method. The effect of the Mn content on the activity of the Ni/Al O catalysts for CO methanation and the co-methanation of CO and CO in a fixed-bed reactor was investigated. The catalysts were characterized by N physisorption, hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction and desorption, carbon dioxide temperature-programmed desorption, X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The presence of Mn increased the number of CO adsorption sites and inhibited Ni particle agglomeration due to improved Ni dispersion and weakened interactions between the nickel species and the support. The Mn-promoted 15 wt-% Ni/Al O catalysts had improved CO methanation activity especially at low temperatures (250 to 400 °C). The Mn content was varied from 0.86% to 2.54% and the best CO conversion was achieved with the 1.71Mn-Ni/Al O catalyst. The co-methanation tests on the 1.71Mn-Ni/Al O catalyst indicated that adding Mn markedly enhanced the CO methanation activity especially at low temperatures but it had little influence on the CO methanation performance. CO methanation was more sensitive to the reaction temperature and the space velocity than the CO methanation in the co-methanation process.

Keywords： Mn promotion nickel catalysts CO2sub> methanation co-methanation of CO and CO2sub>

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A Storage-Driven CO2sub> EOR for a Net-Zero Emission Target Article

Yueliang Liu, Zhenhua Rui

Engineering 2022, Volume 18, Issue 11, Pages 79-87 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.02.010

Abstract: >2sub>) emissions.>2sub> emissions by storing CO2sub> in oil reservoirs.CO2sub> EOR—whose main target is to realize net-zero or even negative CO2sub> emissionsStorage-driven CO2sub> EOR is superior to conventional CO2sub> EOR in improving sweepingthan conventional CO2sub> EOR.

Keywords： CO2sub> EOR Net CO2sub> emissions Dimethyl ether Storage-driven CO2sub> EOR CO2sub> sequestration

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Al2sub>O3sub> and CeO2sub>-promoted MgO sorbents for CO2sub> capture at moderate

Huimei Yu, Xiaoxing Wang, Zhu Shu, Mamoru Fujii, Chunshan Song

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2018, Volume 12, Issue 1, Pages 83-93 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1691-6

Abstract: A series of Al O and CeO modified MgO sorbents was prepared and studied for CO sorption at moderate temperatures. The CO sorption capacity of MgO was enhanced with the addition of either Al O or CeO . Over Al O -MgO sorbents, the best capacity of 24.6 mg-CO /g-sorbent was attained at 100 °C, which was 61% higher than that of MgO (15.3 mg-CO /g-sorbent). The highest capacity of 35.3 mg-CO /g-sorbent was obtained over the CeO -MgO sorbents at the optimal temperature of 200 °C. Combining with the characterization results, we conclude that the promotion effect on CO sorption with the addition of Al O and CeO can be attributed to the increased surface area with reduced MgO crystallite size. Moreover, the addition of CeO increased the basicity of MgO phase, resulting in more increase in the CO capacity than Al O promoter. Both the Al O -MgO and CeO -MgO sorbents exhibited better cyclic stability than MgO over the course of fifteen CO sorption-desorption cycles. Compared to Al O , CeO is more effective for promoting the CO capacity of MgO. To enhance the CO capacity of MgO sorbent, increasing the basicity is more effective than the increase in the surface area.

Keywords： CO2sub> capture MgO sorbents Al2sub>O3sub> CeO2sub> flue gas

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ZnFe2sub>O4sub> deposited on BiOCl with exposed (001) and (010) facets for photocatalyticreduction of CO2sub> in cyclohexanol

Guixian Song, Xionggang Wu, Feng Xin, Xiaohong Yin

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2017, Volume 11, Issue 2, Pages 197-204 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1606-y

Abstract: ZnFe O -BiOCl composites were prepared by both hydrothermal and direct precipitation processes and the structures and properties of the samples were characterized by various instrumental techniques. The samples were then used as catalysts for the photocatalytic reduction of CO in cyclohexanol under ultraviolet irradiation to give cyclohexanone (CH) and cyclohexyl formate (CF). The photocatalytic CO reduction activities over the hydrothermally prepared ZnFe O -BiOCl composites were higher than those over the directly-precipitated composites. This is because compared to the direct-precipitation sample, the ZnFe O nanoparticles in the hydrothermal sample were smaller and more uniformly distributed on the surface of BiOCl and so more heterojunctions were formed. Higher CF and CH yields were obtained for the pure BiOCl and BiOCl composite samples with more exposed (001) facets than for the samples with more exposed (010) facets. This is due to the higher density of oxygen atoms in the exposed (001) facets, which creates more oxygen vacancies, and thereby improves the separation efficiency of the electron-hole pairs. More importantly, irradiation of the (001) facets with ultraviolet light produces photo-generated electrons which is helpful for the reduction of CO to ·CO . The mechanism for the photocatalytic reduction of CO in cyclohexanol over ZnFe O -BiOCl composites with exposed (001) facets involves electron transfer and carbon radical formation.

Keywords： reduction of CO2sub> cyclohexanol ZnFe2sub>O4sub> deposited BiOCl facet composite

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The stabilization effect of Al2sub>O3sub> on unconventional Pb/SiO2sub> catalyst

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 10, Pages 1423-1429 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2315-y

Abstract: To enhance the stability, the traditional carrier Al2sub>O3sub> with a small amount, wasintroduced into Pb/SiO2sub> catalyst in this study.It has been proved that Al2sub>O3sub> can inhibit the reduction of PbO, and weaken theAs a result, 3Al15Pb/SiO2sub> catalyst exhibits a much higher stability up to more than 150 h.>2sub>O3sub> addition was also proposed.

Keywords： Pb/SiO2sub> Al2sub>O3sub> propane dehydrogenation propene stability

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Cu-doped Bi/Bi2sub>WO6sub> catalysts for efficient N2sub> fixation by photocatalysis

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 10, Pages 1412-1422 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2312-1

Abstract: it in photocatalytic N2sub> immobilization.>2sub>WO6sub> composite.>2sub>WO6sub>.>2sub>WO6sub>, respectively.>2sub>-to-NH3sub> conversion.

Keywords： Bi2sub>WO6sub> Cu doping work function photocatalytic N2sub> fixation charge

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Development of H2sub>O/CO2sub> co-electrolysis in solid oxide electrolysis cell

Fan Hui,Song Shidong,Han Minfang

Strategic Study of CAE 2013, Volume 15, Issue 2, Pages 107-112

Abstract: The structure of SOEC, the recent development of high temperature steam/CO2 co-electrolysis from

Keywords： SOEC H2sub>O/CO2sub> co-electrolysis syngas electrolysis efficiency water electrolysis

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Advances in Cost-Efficient Thin-Film Photovoltaics Based on Cu(In,Ga)Se2sub>

Michael Powalla, Stefan Paetel, Dimitrios Hariskos, Roland Wuerz, Friedrich Kessler, Peter Lechner, Wiltraud Wischmann, Theresa Magorian Friedlmeier

Journal Article

Boosting Cu(In,Ga)Se2sub> Thin Film Growth in Low-Temperature Rapid-Deposition Processes: An Improved

Yunxiang Zhang, Shuping Lin, Shiqing Cheng, Zhichao He, Zhaojing Hu, Zhiqiang Zhou, Wei Liu, Yun Sun

Journal Article

Review on Alkali Element Doping in Cu(In,Ga)Se2sub> Thin Films and Solar Cells

Yun Sun,Shuping Lin,Wei Li,Shiqing Cheng,Yunxiang Zhang,Yiming Liu,Wei Liu

Journal Article

Deciphering the Origins of P1-Induced Power Losses in Cu(Inxsub>,Ga1–xsub>)Se2sub> (CIGS) Modules Through Hyperspectral Luminescence

César Omar Ramírez Quiroz, Laura-Isabelle Dion-Bertrand, Christoph J. Brabec, Joachim Müller, Kay Orgassa

Journal Article

Moisture Absorption and Desorption in an Ionomer-Based Encapsulant: A Type of Self-Breathing Encapsulant for CIGS Thin-Film PV Modules

Miao Yang, Raymund Schäffler, Tobias Repmann, Kay Orgassa

Journal Article

Advantageous mechanochemical synthesis of copper(I) selenide semiconductor, characterization, and properties

Journal Article

Rh2sub>O3sub>/hexagonal CePO4sub> nanocatalysts for N2sub>O decomposition

Huan Liu, Zhen Ma

Journal Article

Band-gap tunable (Gaxsub>In1−sub>xsub>)2sub>O3sub> layer

Fabi Zhang, Jinyu Sun, Haiou Li, Juan Zhou, Rong Wang, Tangyou Sun, Tao Fu, Gongli Xiao, Qi Li, Xingpeng Liu, Xiuyun Zhang, Daoyou Guo, Xianghu Wang, Zujun Qin,zhangfabi@outlook.com,qinzj@guet.edu.cn

Journal Article

CO2sub> methanation and co-methanation of CO and CO2sub> over Mn-promoted Ni/Al2sub>O3sub> catalysts

Kechao Zhao,Zhenhua Li,Li Bian

Journal Article

A Storage-Driven CO2sub> EOR for a Net-Zero Emission Target

Yueliang Liu, Zhenhua Rui

Journal Article

Al2sub>O3sub> and CeO2sub>-promoted MgO sorbents for CO2sub> capture at moderate

Huimei Yu, Xiaoxing Wang, Zhu Shu, Mamoru Fujii, Chunshan Song

Journal Article

ZnFe2sub>O4sub> deposited on BiOCl with exposed (001) and (010) facets for photocatalyticreduction of CO2sub> in cyclohexanol

Guixian Song, Xionggang Wu, Feng Xin, Xiaohong Yin